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Xref: bloom-picayune.mit.edu comp.windows.x.motif:13661 news.answers:4512 Newsgroups: comp.windows.x.motif,news.answers Path: bloom-picayune.mit.edu!enterpoop.mit.edu!news.media.mit.edu!micro-heart-of-gold.mit.edu!wupost!uunet!munnari.oz.au!manuel.anu.edu.au!csc.canberra.edu.au!news From: jan@ise.canberra.edu.au (Jan Newmarch) Subject: Motif FAQ (Part 5 of 5) Message-ID: <1992Dec10.001649.10616@csc.canberra.edu.au> Followup-To: comp.windows.x.motif Keywords: FAQ question answer Sender: news@csc.canberra.edu.au Reply-To: jan@ise.canberra.edu.au (Jan Newmarch) Organization: University of Canberra Date: Thu, 10 Dec 92 00:16:49 GMT Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu Expires: +1 months Lines: 1847 Archive-name: motif-faq/part5 Last-modified: Thu December 12 1992 Version: 2.12 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 121) TOPIC: MISCELLANEOUS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 122)+ What is the matter with Frame in Motif 1.2? [Last modified: November 92] Answer: This announcement has been made by OSF: "IMPORTANT NOTICE We have discovered two problems in the new 1.2 child alignment resources in XmFrame. Because some vendors may have committed, or are soon to commit to field releases of Motif 1.2 and 1.2.1, OSF's options for fixing them are limited. We are trying to deal with these in a way that does not cause hardship for application developers who will develop applications against various point versions of Motif. OSF's future actions for correction are summarized. WHAT YOU SHOULD DO AND KNOW 1. Mark the following change in your documentation. On page 1-512 of the OSF/Motif Programmer's Reference, change the descriptions under XmNchildVerticalAlignment as follows (what follows is the CORRECT wording to match the current implementation): XmALIGNMENT_WIDGET_TOP Causes the BOTTOM edge of the title area to align vertically with the top shadow of the Frame. XmALIGNMENT_WIDGET_BOTTOM Causes the TOP edge of the title area to align vertically with the top shadow of the Frame. 2. Note the following limitation on resource converters for Motif 1.2 and 1.2.1 implementations. The rep types for XmFrame's XmNentryVerticalAlignment resource were incorrected implemented, which means that converters will not work properly. The following resource settings will not work from a resource file in 1.2 and 1.2.1: *childVerticalAlignment: alignment_baseline_bottom *childVerticalAlignment: alignment_baseline_top *childVerticalAlignment: alignment_widget_bottom *childVerticalAlignment: alignment_widget_top If you wish to set these values for these resources (note they are new constraint resources in XmFrame) you will have to set them directly in C or via uil. WHAT WE WILL DO The problem described in note #1 above will not be fixed in the OSF/Motif implementation until the next MAJOR release of Motif. At that time we will correct the documentation and modify the code to match those new descriptions, but we will preserve the existing enumerated values and their behavior for backward compatibility for that release. The fix for the problem described in note #2 will be shipped by OSF in Motif 1.2.2. SUMMARY We are sorry for any difficulty this causes Motif users. If you have any questions or flames (I suppose I deserve it) please send them directly to me. We sincerely hope this proactive response is better for our customers than you having to figure it out yourselves! Libby ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 123) What is IMUG and how do I join it? Answer: IMUG is the International Motif User Group founded by Quest Windows Corporation and co-sponsored by FedUNIX. IMUG is a non-profit organization working to keep users informed on technical and standards issues, to strengthen user groups on a local level, to increase communication among users internationally, and to promote the use of an international conference as a forum for sharing and learning more about Motif. You can join it by 1. Pay the annual membership fee of $20 USD directly to IMUG. Contact IMUG 5200 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 496-1900 imug@quest.com 2. Register at the International Motif User Conference, and automatically become an IMUG member. 3. Donate a pd widget, widget tool or widget builder to the IMUG Widget Depository and receive a free one year IMUG membership. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 124) How do I set the title of a top level window? [Last modified: September 92] Answer: Set XmNtitle (and optionally XmNtitleEncoding) for TopLevelShells. (Note that this is of type String rather than XmStrin.) Ypu can also set XmNiconName if you want its icon to show this title. For XmDialogShells, set the XmNdialogTitle of its immediate child, assuming it's a BulletinBoard subclass. These can also be set in resource files. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 125) Can I use editres with Motif? [Last modified: August 92] Answer: It isn't built in to Motif (at 1.2.0), but you can do this in your application extern void _XEditResCheckMessages(); ... XtAddEventHandler(shell_widget, (EventMask)0, True, _XEditResCheckMessages, NULL); once for each shell widget that you want to react to the "click to select client" protocol. Then link your client with the R5 libXmu. David Brooks, OSF ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 126) How can I put decorations on transient windows using olwm? Answer: From Jean-Philippe Martin-Flatin <syj@ecmwf.co.uk> /********************************************************************** ** WindowDecorations.c ** ** Manages window decorations under the OpenLook window manager (OLWM). ** ** Adapted from a C++ program posted to comp.windows.x.motif by: ** ** +--------------------------------------------------------------+ ** | Ron Edmark User Interface Group | ** | Tel: (408) 980-1500 x282 Integrated Systems, Inc. | ** | Internet: edmark@isi.com 3260 Jay St. | ** | Voice mail: (408) 980-1590 x282 Santa Clara, CA 95054 | ** +--------------------------------------------------------------+ ***********************************************************************/ #include <X11/X.h> #include <X11/Xlib.h> #include <X11/Xatom.h> #include <X11/Intrinsic.h> #include <X11/StringDefs.h> #include <X11/Protocols.h> #include <Xm/Xm.h> #include <Xm/AtomMgr.h> /* ** Decorations for OpenLook: ** The caller can OR different mask options to change the frame decoration. */ #define OLWM_Header (long)(1<<0) #define OLWM_Resize (long)(1<<1) #define OLWM_Close (long)(1<<2) /* ** Prototypes */ static void InstallOLWMAtoms (Widget w); static void AddOLWMDialogFrame(Widget widget, long decorationMask); /* ** Global variables */ static Atom AtomWinAttr; static Atom AtomWTOther; static Atom AtomDecor; static Atom AtomResize; static Atom AtomHeader; static Atom AtomClose; static int not_installed_yet = TRUE; static void InstallOLWMAtoms(Widget w) { AtomWinAttr = XInternAtom(XtDisplay(w), "_OL_WIN_ATTR" , FALSE); AtomWTOther = XInternAtom(XtDisplay(w), "_OL_WT_OTHER", FALSE); AtomDecor = XInternAtom(XtDisplay(w), "_OL_DECOR_ADD", FALSE); AtomResize = XInternAtom(XtDisplay(w), "_OL_DECOR_RESIZE", FALSE); AtomHeader = XInternAtom(XtDisplay(w), "_OL_DECOR_HEADER", FALSE); AtomClose = XInternAtom(XtDisplay(w), "_OL_DECOR_CLOSE", FALSE); not_installed_yet = FALSE; } static void AddOLWMDialogFrame(Widget widget, long decorationMask) { Atom winAttrs[2]; Atom winDecor[3]; Widget shell = widget; Window win; int numberOfDecorations = 0; /* ** Make sure atoms for OpenLook are installed only once */ if (not_installed_yet) InstallOLWMAtoms(widget); while (!XtIsShell(shell)) shell = XtParent(shell); win = XtWindow(shell); /* ** Tell Open Look that our window is not one of the standard OLWM window ** types. See OLIT Widget Set Programmer's Guide pp.70-73. */ winAttrs[0] = AtomWTOther; XChangeProperty(XtDisplay(shell), win, AtomWinAttr, XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char*)winAttrs, 1); /* ** Tell Open Look to add some decorations to our window */ numberOfDecorations = 0; if (decorationMask & OLWM_Header) winDecor[numberOfDecorations++] = AtomHeader; if (decorationMask & OLWM_Resize) winDecor[numberOfDecorations++] = AtomResize; if (decorationMask & OLWM_Close) { winDecor[numberOfDecorations++] = AtomClose; /* ** If the close button is specified, the header must be ** specified. If the header bit is not set, set it. */ if (!(decorationMask & OLWM_Header)) winDecor[numberOfDecorations++] = AtomHeader; } XChangeProperty(XtDisplay(shell), win, AtomDecor, XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char*)winDecor, numberOfDecorations); } /* ** Example of use of AddOLWMDialogFrame, with a bit of extra stuff */ void register_dialog_to_WM(Widget shell, XtCallbackProc Cbk_func) { Atom atom; /* ** Alias the "Close" item in system menu attached to dialog shell ** to the activate callback of "Exit" in the menubar */ if (Cbk_func) { atom = XmInternAtom(XtDisplay(shell),"WM_DELETE_WINDOW",TRUE); XmAddWMProtocolCallback(shell,atom, Cbk_func,NULL); } /* ** If Motif is the window manager, skip OpenLook specific stuff */ if (XmIsMotifWMRunning(shell)) return; /* ** Register dialog shell to OpenLook. ** ** WARNING: on some systems, adding the "Close" button allows the title ** to be properly centered in the title bar. On others, activating ** "Close" crashes OpenLook. The reason is not clear yet, but it seems ** the first case occurs with OpenWindows 2 while the second occurs with ** Openwindows 3. Thus, comment out one of the two following lines as ** suitable for your site, and send e-mail to syj@ecmwf.co.uk if you ** find out what is going on ! */ AddOLWMDialogFrame(shell,(OLWM_Header | OLWM_Resize)); /* AddOLWMDialogFrame(shell,(OLWM_Header | OLWM_Resize | OLWM_Close)); */ } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 127) Why does an augment translation appear to act as replace for some widgets? When I use either augment or override translations in .Xdefaults it seems to act as replace in both Motif 1.0 and 1.1 Answer: By default, the translation table is NULL. If there is nothing specified (either in resource file, or in args), the widget's Initialize finds: Oh, there is NULL in translations, lets use our default ones. If, however, the translations have become non-NULL, the default translations are NOT used at all. Thus, using #augment, #override or a new table has identical effect: defines the new translations. The only way you can augment/override Motif's default translations is AFTER Initialize, using XtSetValues. Note, however, that Motif managers do play with translation tables as well ... so that results are not always easy to predict. From OSF: A number of people have complained about not being able to augment/override translations from the .Xdefaults. This is due to the complexity of the menu system/keyboard traversal and the necessary translations changes required to support the Motif Style Guide in menus. It cannot be fixed in a simple way. Fixing it requires re-design of the menus/buttons and it is planned to be fixed in 1.2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 128) How do you "grey" out a widget so that it cannot be activated? Answer: Use XtSetSensitive(widget, False). Do not set the XmNsensitive resource directly yourself (by XtSetValues) since the widget may need to talk to parents first. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 129) Why doesn't the Help callback work on some widgets? Answer: If you press the help key the help callback of the widget with the keyboard focus is called (not the one containing the mouse). You can't get the help callback of a non-keyboard-selectable widget called. To get `context sensitive' help on these, you have to find the mouse, associate its position with a widget and then do the help. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 130) Where can I get a Table widget? Answer: Send email to Kee Hinckley (nazgul@alfalfa.com) asking for a copy of his table widget. The Widget Creation Library also has one. See under Motif prototyping tools for the contact. Expert Database Systems, Inc., 305 Madison Ave, Suite 1166, New York, NY 10165 has a very comprehensive table widget that uses both motif scrollbars or a "virtual" scrollbar showing a miniature version of the entire spreadsheet. Allows for different width columns, changing colors in each cell. Only one X-Window is used so as to reduce the amount of system resources used. Contact Ken Jones ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 131) Has anyone done a bar graph widget? [Last modified: September 92] Answer: You can fake one by using for each bar a scroll bar or even a label which changes in size, put inside a container of some kind. Try the StripChart widget in the Athena widget set. Set the XtNupdate resource to 0 to keep it from automatically updating. The comp.windows.x FAQ mentions a bar graph widget. Expert Database Systems, Inc. sells a bar graph widget as well as a multi- line graph with automatic scaling, a 3-D surface graph, and a high/Low graph with two lines for moving averages. Contact Ken Jones Expert Database Systems, Inc., 305 Madison Ave, Suite 1166, New York, NY 10165, Main Number: (212) 370-6700, Phone Mail: (212) 714-8345 The Xtra XWidget library contains a set of widgets that are subclassed from and compatible with either OSF/Motif or OLIT widgets. The library includes widgets that implement the following: Spreadsheet Bar Graph Stacked Bar Graph Line Graph Pie Chart XY Plot Hypertext Hypertext based Help System Entry Form with type checking Contact Graphical Software Technology at 310-328-9338 (info@gst.com) for information. The XRT/graph widget, available for Motif, XView and OLIT, displays X-Y plots, bar and pie charts, and supports user-feedback, fast updates and PostScript output. Contact KL Group Inc. at 416-594-1026 (xrt_info%klg@uunet.ca) The product Xmath, made by Integrated Systems Inc. is a product which has interactive 2d and 3d graphics for bar,strip,line,symbol, surface,contour,etc... that costs $2500.00 for commercial use and a mere $250.00 for university use that also has complete numerics capabilities, an easy to use debugger, a complete high level language, a spreadsheet, a motif gui access capability, and much more all created on top of motif. You can either email to xmath-info@isi.com or call (408)980-1500. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) provides the following product NetEd: "The network editor widget is a Motif toolkit conforming widget that applications can use to express complex interrelationships graphically in the form of networks or graphs. The network editor supports interactive or application- controlled creation and editing of directed graphs or networks." ACE/gr is an X based XY plotting tool implemented with a point 'n click paradigm. A few of its features are: * Plots up to 10 graphs with 30 data sets per graph. * Data read from files and/or pipes. * Graph types XY, log-linear, linear-log, log-log, bar, stacked bar charts. it is available from ftp.ccalmr.ogi.edu (presently amb4.ccalmr.ogi.edu) with IP address 129.95.72.34. The XView version (xvgr) will be found in /CCALMR/pub/acegr/xvgr-2.09.tar.Z and the Motif version (xmgr) in /CCALMR/pub/acegr/xmgr-2.09.tar.Z. Comments, suggestions, bug reports to pturner@amb4.ccalmr.ogi.edu (if mail fails, try pturner@ese.ogi.edu). Due to time constraints, replies will be few and far between. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 132) Does anyone know of a source code of a graph widget where you can add vertices and edges and get an automated updating? [Last modified: September 92] Answer: The XUG FAQ in comp.windows.x includes information on graph display widgets. There is also an implementation in the Asente/Swick book. From Martin Janzen: "You could have a look at DataViews, from V.I. Corporation. This package is used mainly to display a variety of graph drawings (eg. bar, line, pie, high/low, and other charts), and to update the graphs as information is received from "data sources" such as files, processes (through pipes), or devices. However, it also provides "node" and "edge" objects which can be used when working with network graphs. The DV-Tools function library provides routines which traverse a graph, count visits to each node or edge, mark nodes or edges of interest, and so on. A node or edge object can have an associated "geometry object" (such as a symbol or a line), which represents that node or edge. Drawbacks: There's no automatic positioning algorithm; when you add a node or edge, you have to create and position its geometry object yourself. Also, this isn't a set of add-on widgets; you can either have DataViews create an X window (ie. a separate shell), or you can create your own XmDrawingArea and use DataViews to update its window when expose events are received. Finally, the package is quite expensive, and there is a run-time charge. The vendor's address is: V.I. Corporation, 47 Pleasant Street, Northampton, MA 01060, Email: vi@vicorp.com, Phone: (413) 586-4144, Fax: (413) 584-2649 or V.I. Corporation (Europe) Ltd., First Base, Beacontree Plaza, Gillette Way, Email: viesales@eurovi.uucp Reading, Berkshire RG2 0BP" Phone: +44 734 756010, Fax: +44 734 756104 From Craig Timmerman: Just wanted others to know that there is a third competitor in what may be come a big market for generic APIs. The product is called Open Interface and Neuron Data is the vendor. Neuron has added some extra, more complex widgets to their set. The two most notable are a table and network widget. [...] I believe that the network widget got its name from its ability to display expert system networks that Neuron's AI tools needed. It would be more aptly named the graph widget. It can display and manipulate graphs of various types (trees, directed graphs, etc). Contact is Neuron Data 156 University Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94301 (415) 321-4488 prism!gt3273b@gatech.edu (RENALDS,ANDREW THEODORE) posted a set of public domain routines for graph drawing. Contact him for a later set. From Ramon Santiago (santiago@fgssu1.fgs.slb.com): HP has released source code for XmGraph and XmArc, part of the InterWorks library, which does exactly this. The sources can be obtained by contacting Dave Shaw, librarian@iworks.ecn.uiowa.edu. A few trivial source code changes need to be made to get these widgets to compile under Motif 1.2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 133) Is there a help system available, such as in Windows 3? Or any Motif based hypertext system. Answer: Bristol Technology have a hypertext system HyperHelp with the look-and-feel of either Motif or OpenLook. It should be available from january 31, 1992. Contact Bristol Technology Inc. 898 Ethan Allen Highway Ridgefield, CT 06877 203-438-6969 (phone) 203-438-5013 (fax) uunet.uu.net!bristol!keith Demos are available by anonymous ftp from ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9) in the vendor/Bristol/HyperHelp as files sun.motif.tar.Z and hp.tar.Z. There was a posting of a motif hypertext-widget to comp.sources.x (Author: B.Raoult ( mab@ecmwf.co.uk ) ). It had the facility to read in helptext from a file. From Francois Felix Ingrand (felix@idefix.laas.fr): I have translated the Info AW (originally written by Jordan Hubbard) to Motif. It is a Widget to browse Info files (format used by GNU for their various documentations). I use it as the help system of various tool I wrote. It is available on laas.laas.fr (140.93.0.15) in /pub/prs/xinfo-motif.tar.Z Form Scott Raney (raney@metacard.com) MetaCard is a commercial package that can be used to implement hypertext help. The text fields support multiple typefaces, sizes, styles, colors, subscript/superscript, and hypertext links. It has a Motif interface, and a template for calling it from an Xt/Motif application is included. You can FTP a save-disabled distribution from ftp.metacard.com or from world.std.com. For more info, email to info@metacard.com. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 134) Can I specify a widget in a resource file? Answer: This answer, which uses the Xmu library, is due to David Elliott. If the converter is added, then the name of a widget (a string) can be used in resource files, and will be converted to the appropriate widget. This code, which was basically stolen from the Athena Form widget, adds a String to Widget converter. I wrote it as a general routine that I call at the beginning of all of my programs, and made it so I could add other converters as needed (like String to Unit Type ;-). #include <X11/Intrinsic.h> #include <X11/StringDefs.h> #include <Xm/Xm.h> #include <X11/Xmu/Converters.h> #include <X11/IntrinsicP.h> #include <X11/CoreP.h> void setupConverters() { static XtConvertArgRec parentCvtArgs[] = { {XtBaseOffset, (caddr_t)XtOffset(Widget, core.parent), sizeof(Widget)} }; XtAddConverter(XmRString, XmRWindow, XmuCvtStringToWidget, parentCvtArgs, XtNumber(parentCvtArgs)); } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 135) Why are only some of my translations are being installed? I have a translation table like the following, but only the first ones are getting installed and the rest are ignored. *Text.translations: #override \ Ctrl<Key>a: beginning-of-line() \n\ Ctrl<Key>e: end-of-line() \n\ Ctrl<Key>f: forward-character() \n\ Answer: Most likely, you have a space at the end of one of the lines (the first in this case). Ctrl<Key>a: beginning-of-line() \n\ ^ space here The second backslash in each line is there to protect the real newline character and so you must not follow it with anything other than the newline itself. Otherwise it acts as the end of the resource definition and the remaining lines are not added. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 136) Where can I get the PanHandler code? Answer: It is available by email from Chuck Ocheret: chuck@IMSI.COM. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 137) What are these passive grab warnings? When I destroy certain widgets I get a stream of messages Warning: Attempt to remove non-existant passive grab Answer: They are meaningless, and you want to ignore them. Do this (from Kee Hinckley) by installing an XtWarning handler that explicitly looks for them and discards them: static void xtWarnCB(String message) { if (asi_strstr(message, "non-existant passive grab", TRUE)) return; ... They come from Xt, and (W. Scott Meeks): "it's something that the designers of Xt decided the toolkit should do. Unfortunately, Motif winds up putting passive grabs all over the place for the menu system. On the one hand, we want to remove all these grabs when menus get destroyed so that they don't leak memory; on the other hand, it's almost impossible to keep track of all the grabs, so we have a conservative strategy of ungrabbing any place where a grab could have been made and we don't explicitly know that there is no grab. The unfortunate side effect is the little passive grab warning messages. We're trying to clean these up where possible, but there are some new places where the warning is generated. Until we get this completely cleaned up (1.2 maybe), your best bet is probably to use a warning handler." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 138) How do I have more buttons than three in a box? I want to have something like a MessageBox (or other widget) with more than three buttons, but with the same nice appearance. Answer: A SelectionBox is created with four buttons, but the fourth (the Apply button) is unmanaged. To manage it get its widget ID via XmSelectionBoxGetChild(parent, XmDIALOG_APPLY_BUTTON) and then XtManage it. Unmanage all of the other bits in the SelectionBox that you don't want. If you want more than four buttons, try two SelectionBoxes (or similar) together in a container, where all of the unwanted parts of the widgets are unmanaged. Alternatively, build your own dialog: /* Written by Dan Heller. Copyright 1991, O'Reilly && Associates. * This program is freely distributable without licensing fees and * is provided without guarantee or warranty expressed or implied. * This program is -not- in the public domain. This program is * taken from the Motif Programming Manual, O'Reilly Volume 6. */ /* action_area.c -- demonstrate how CreateActionArea() can be used * in a real application. Create what would otherwise be identified * as a PromptDialog, only this is of our own creation. As such, * we provide a TextField widget for input. When the user presses * Return, the Ok button is activated. */ #include <Xm/DialogS.h> #include <Xm/PushBG.h> #include <Xm/PushB.h> #include <Xm/LabelG.h> #include <Xm/PanedW.h> #include <Xm/Form.h> #include <Xm/RowColumn.h> #include <Xm/TextF.h> typedef struct { char *label; void (*callback)(); caddr_t data; } ActionAreaItem; static void do_dialog(), close_dialog(), activate_cb(), ok_pushed(), cancel_pushed(), help(); main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { Widget toplevel, button; XtAppContext app; toplevel = XtVaAppInitialize(&app, "Demos", NULL, 0, &argc, argv, NULL, NULL); button = XtVaCreateManagedWidget("Push Me", xmPushButtonWidgetClass, toplevel, NULL); XtAddCallback(button, XmNactivateCallback, do_dialog, NULL); XtRealizeWidget(toplevel); XtAppMainLoop(app); } /* callback routine for "Push Me" button. Actually, this represents * a function that could be invoked by any arbitrary callback. Here, * we demonstrate how one can build a standard customized dialog box. * The control area is created here and the action area is created in * a separate, generic routine: CreateActionArea(). */ static void do_dialog(w, file) Widget w; /* will act as dialog's parent */ char *file; { Widget dialog, pane, rc, label, text_w, action_a; XmString string; extern Widget CreateActionArea(); Arg args[10]; static ActionAreaItem action_items[] = { { "Ok", ok_pushed, NULL }, { "Cancel", cancel_pushed, NULL }, { "Close", close_dialog, NULL }, { "Help", help, "Help Button" }, }; /* The DialogShell is the Shell for this dialog. Set it up so * that the "Close" button in the window manager's system menu * destroys the shell (it only unmaps it by default). */ dialog = XtVaCreatePopupShell("dialog", xmDialogShellWidgetClass, XtParent(w), XmNtitle, "Dialog Shell", /* give arbitrary title in wm */ XmNdeleteResponse, XmDESTROY, /* system menu "Close" action */ NULL); /* now that the dialog is created, set the Close button's * client data, so close_dialog() will know what to destroy. */ action_items[2].data = (caddr_t)dialog; /* Create the paned window as a child of the dialog. This will * contain the control area (a Form widget) and the action area * (created by CreateActionArea() using the action_items above). */ pane = XtVaCreateWidget("pane", xmPanedWindowWidgetClass, dialog, XmNsashWidth, 1, XmNsashHeight, 1, NULL); /* create the control area (Form) which contains a * Label gadget and a List widget. */ rc = XtVaCreateWidget("control_area", xmRowColumnWidgetClass, pane, NULL); string = XmStringCreateSimple("Type Something:"); XtVaCreateManagedWidget("label", xmLabelGadgetClass, rc, XmNlabelString, string, XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM, XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM, NULL); XmStringFree(string); text_w = XtVaCreateManagedWidget("text-field", xmTextFieldWidgetClass, rc, NULL); /* RowColumn is full -- now manage */ XtManageChild(rc); /* Set the client data "Ok" and "Cancel" button's callbacks. */ action_items[0].data = (caddr_t)text_w; action_items[1].data = (caddr_t)text_w; /* Create the action area -- we don't need the widget it returns. */ action_a = CreateActionArea(pane, action_items, XtNumber(action_items)); /* callback for Return in TextField. Use action_a as client data */ XtAddCallback(text_w, XmNactivateCallback, activate_cb, action_a); XtManageChild(pane); XtPopup(dialog, XtGrabNone); } /*--------------*/ /* The next four functions are the callback routines for the buttons * in the action area for the dialog created above. Again, they are * simple examples, yet they demonstrate the fundamental design approach. */ static void close_dialog(w, shell) Widget w, shell; { XtDestroyWidget(shell); } /* The "ok" button was pushed or the user pressed Return */ static void ok_pushed(w, text_w, cbs) Widget w, text_w; /* the text widget is the client data */ XmAnyCallbackStruct *cbs; { char *text = XmTextFieldGetString(text_w); printf("String = %s0, text); XtFree(text); } static void cancel_pushed(w, text_w, cbs) Widget w, text_w; /* the text field is the client data */ XmAnyCallbackStruct *cbs; { /* cancel the whole operation; reset to NULL. */ XmTextFieldSetString(text_w, ""); } static void help(w, string) Widget w; String string; { puts(string); } /*--------------*/ /* When Return is pressed in TextField widget, respond by getting * the designated "default button" in the action area and activate * it as if the user had selected it. */ static void activate_cb(text_w, client_data, cbs) Widget text_w; /* user pressed Return in this widget */ XtPointer client_data; /* action_area passed as client data */ XmAnyCallbackStruct *cbs; /* borrow the "event" field from this */ { Widget dflt, action_area = (Widget)client_data; XtVaGetValues(action_area, XmNdefaultButton, &dflt, NULL); if (dflt) /* sanity check -- this better work */ /* make the default button think it got pushed. This causes * "ok_pushed" to be called, but XtCallActionProc() causes * the button appear to be activated as if the user selected it. */ XtCallActionProc(dflt, "ArmAndActivate", cbs->event, NULL, 0); } #define TIGHTNESS 20 Widget CreateActionArea(parent, actions, num_actions) Widget parent; ActionAreaItem *actions; int num_actions; { Widget action_area, widget; int i; action_area = XtVaCreateWidget("action_area", xmFormWidgetClass, parent, XmNfractionBase, TIGHTNESS*num_actions - 1, XmNleftOffset, 10, XmNrightOffset, 10, NULL); for (i = 0; i < num_actions; i++) { widget = XtVaCreateManagedWidget(actions[i].label, xmPushButtonWidgetClass, action_area, XmNleftAttachment, i? XmATTACH_POSITION : XmATTACH_FORM, XmNleftPosition, TIGHTNESS*i, XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM, XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM, XmNrightAttachment, i != num_actions-1? XmATTACH_POSITION : XmATTACH_FORM, XmNrightPosition, TIGHTNESS*i + (TIGHTNESS-1), XmNshowAsDefault, i == 0, XmNdefaultButtonShadowThickness, 1, NULL); if (actions[i].callback) XtAddCallback(widget, XmNactivateCallback, actions[i].callback, actions[i].data); if (i == 0) { /* Set the action_area's default button to the first widget * created (or, make the index a parameter to the function * or have it be part of the data structure). Also, set the * pane window constraint for max and min heights so this * particular pane in the PanedWindow is not resizable. */ Dimension height, h; XtVaGetValues(action_area, XmNmarginHeight, &h, NULL); XtVaGetValues(widget, XmNheight, &height, NULL); height += 2 * h; XtVaSetValues(action_area, XmNdefaultButton, widget, XmNpaneMaximum, height, XmNpaneMinimum, height, NULL); } } XtManageChild(action_area); return action_area; } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 139) How do I create a "busy working cursor"? Answer: - in Baudouin's code (following), the idea is to keep in an array an up-to-date list of all shells used in the application, and set for all of them the cursor to a watch or to the default cursor, with the 2 functions provided. - in Dan Heller's code (later), the idea is to turn on the watch cursor for the top-level shell only, popup a working window to possibly abort the callback, and manage some expose events during the callback. - in the FAQ for comp.windows.x (#113), the idea is to bring a large window on top of the application, hide all windows below it, and turn on the watch cursor on this large window. Unmapping the large window resets the default cursor, mapping it turns on the watch cursor. From Baudouin Raoult (mab@ecmwf.co.uk) void my_SetWatchCursor(w) Widget w; { static Cursor watch = NULL; if(!watch) watch = XCreateFontCursor(XtDisplay(w),XC_watch); XDefineCursor(XtDisplay(w),XtWindow(w),watch); XmUpdateDisplay(w); } void my_ResetCursor(w) Widget w; { XUndefineCursor(XtDisplay(w),XtWindow(w)); XmUpdateDisplay(w); } Answer: A solution with lots of bells and whistles is /* Written by Dan Heller. Copyright 1991, O'Reilly && Associates. * This program is freely distributable without licensing fees and * is provided without guarantee or warrantee expressed or implied. * This program is -not- in the public domain. */ /* busy.c -- demonstrate how to use a WorkingDialog and to process * only "important" events. e.g., those that may interrupt the * task or to repaint widgets for exposure. Set up a simple shell * and a widget that, when pressed, immediately goes into its own * loop. First, "lock" the shell so that a timeout cursor is set on * the shell and pop up a WorkingDialog. Then enter loop ... sleep * for one second ten times, checking between each interval to see * if the user clicked the Stop button or if any widgets need to be * refreshed. Ignore all other events. * * main() and get_busy() are stubs that would be replaced by a real * application; all other functions can be used "as is." */ #include <Xm/MessageB.h> #include <Xm/PushB.h> #include <X11/cursorfont.h> Widget shell; void TimeoutCursors(); Boolean CheckForInterrupt(); main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { XtAppContext app; Widget button; XmString label; void get_busy(); shell = XtVaAppInitialize(&app, "Demos", NULL, 0, &argc, argv, NULL, NULL); label = XmStringCreateSimple( "Boy, is *this* going to take a long time."); button = XtVaCreateManagedWidget("button", xmPushButtonWidgetClass, shell, XmNlabelString, label, NULL); XmStringFree(label); XtAddCallback(button, XmNactivateCallback, get_busy, argv[1]); XtRealizeWidget(shell); XtAppMainLoop(app); } void get_busy(widget) Widget widget; { int n; TimeoutCursors(True, True); for (n = 0; n < 10; n++) { sleep(1); if (CheckForInterrupt()) { puts("Interrupt!"); break; } } if (n == 10) puts("done."); TimeoutCursors(False, NULL); } /* The interesting part of the program -- extract and use at will */ static Boolean stopped; /* True when user wants to stop processing */ static Widget dialog; /* WorkingDialog displayed when timed out */ /* timeout_cursors() turns on the "watch" cursor over the application * to provide feedback for the user that he's going to be waiting * a while before he can interact with the appliation again. */ void TimeoutCursors(on, interruptable) int on, interruptable; { static int locked; static Cursor cursor; extern Widget shell; XSetWindowAttributes attrs; Display *dpy = XtDisplay(shell); XEvent event; Arg args[1]; XmString str; extern void stop(); /* "locked" keeps track if we've already called the function. * This allows recursion and is necessary for most situations. */ on? locked++ : locked--; if (locked > 1 || locked == 1 && on == 0) return; /* already locked and we're not unlocking */ stopped = False; /* doesn't matter at this point; initialize */ if (!cursor) /* make sure the timeout cursor is initialized */ cursor = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_watch); /* if "on" is true, then turn on watch cursor, otherwise, return * the shell's cursor to normal. */ attrs.cursor = on? cursor : None; /* change the main application shell's cursor to be the timeout * cursor (or to reset it to normal). If other shells exist in * this application, they will have to be listed here in order * for them to have timeout cursors too. */ XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, XtWindow(shell), CWCursor, &attrs); XFlush(dpy); if (on) { /* we're timing out, put up a WorkingDialog. If the process * is interruptable, allow a "Stop" button. Otherwise, remove * all actions so the user can't stop the processing. */ str = XmStringCreateSimple("Busy. Please Wait."); XtSetArg(args[0], XmNmessageString, str); dialog = XmCreateWorkingDialog(shell, "Busy", args, 1); XmStringFree(str); XtUnmanageChild( XmMessageBoxGetChild(dialog, XmDIALOG_OK_BUTTON)); if (interruptable) { str = XmStringCreateSimple("Stop"); XtVaSetValues(dialog, XmNcancelLabelString, str, NULL); XmStringFree(str); XtAddCallback(dialog, XmNcancelCallback, stop, NULL); } else XtUnmanageChild( XmMessageBoxGetChild(dialog, XmDIALOG_CANCEL_BUTTON)); XtUnmanageChild( XmMessageBoxGetChild(dialog, XmDIALOG_HELP_BUTTON)); XtManageChild(dialog); } else { /* get rid of all button and keyboard events that occured * during the time out. The user shouldn't have done anything * during this time, so flush for button and keypress events. * KeyRelease events are not discarded because accelerators * require the corresponding release event before normal input * can continue. */ while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask | ButtonMotionMask | PointerMotionMask | KeyPressMask, &event)) { /* do nothing */; } XtDestroyWidget(dialog); } } /* User Pressed the "Stop" button in dialog. */ void stop(dialog) Widget dialog; { stopped = True; } Boolean CheckForInterrupt() { extern Widget shell; Display *dpy = XtDisplay(shell); Window win = XtWindow(dialog); XEvent event; /* Make sure all our requests get to the server */ XFlush(dpy); /* Let motif process all pending exposure events for us. */ XmUpdateDisplay(shell); /* Check the event loop for events in the dialog ("Stop"?) */ while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask | ButtonMotionMask | PointerMotionMask | KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask, &event)) { /* got an "interesting" event. */ if (event.xany.window == win) XtDispatchEvent(&event); /* it's in our dialog.. */ else /* uninteresting event--throw it away and sound bell */ XBell(dpy, 50); } return stopped; } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 140) What order should the libraries be linked in? [Last modified: August 92] Answer: At link time, use the library order -lXm -lXt -lX11. There are two reasons for this (dbrooks@osf.org): On most systems, the order matters because the linker won't re-scan a library once it is done with it. Thus any references to Xlib calls from Xm will probably be unresolved. The [other] problem is that there are two VendorShell widgets. A dummy is provided in the Xt library, but a widget set will rely on its own being referenced. If you mention Xt first, the linker will choose the wrong one. Motif code will wrongly assume the Motif VendorShell has been class- initialized [and will probably crash]. Xaw has a similar problem, but a softer landing; it only complains about unregistered converters. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 141) How do I use xmkmf for Motif clients? [Last modified: October 1992] Answer: This advice comes from dbrooks@osf.org: There are a number of intractable problems with using X configuration files and xmkmf, while trying to make it easy to build Motif. Not the least of these, but one I've never heard mentioned yet, is that the rules for contructing the names of shared library macros are machine-dependent, and in the various xxxLib.tmpl files. Do we edit all those files to add definitions for XMLIB, DEPXMLIB, etc., or do we put a maze of #ifdefs into the Motif.tmpl file? Please note that, if you install Motif, it overwrites your installed Imake.tmpl with one that includes Motif.tmpl and Motif.rules. With those caveats, I think the following guidelines will help. David Brooks OSF Clients in the X11R5 release use the xmkmf command to build Makefiles. In general, the xmkmf command cannot be used for Motif clients, because of the need to consider the UseInstalledMotif flag separately. Since xmkmf is a simple script that calls imake, it is easy to construct the proper call to imake using the following rules. In the following, replace {MTOP} by the toplevel directory with the Motif source tree, and {XTOP} by the toplevel ("mit") directory with the X source. It is assumed that the directory containing your installed imake is in your PATH. When needed, the imake variables XTop and MTop are normally set in your site.def (to {XTOP} amd {MTOP} respectively); however they may also be set with additional -D arguments to imake. 1. With both X and Motif in their source trees, ensure the imake variables XTop and MTop are set, and use: ${XTOP}/config/imake -I{MTOP}/config 2. With Motif in its source tree, and X installed, ensure MTop is set, and use: imake -I{MTOP}/config -DUseInstalled 3. With both Motif and X installed, and a nonstandard ProjectRoot (see site.def for an explanation of this), use: imake -DUseInstalled -DUseInstalledMotif -I{ProjectRoot}/lib/X11/config or, if the configuration files are in /usr/lib/X11/config: imake -DUseInstalled -DUseInstalledMotif To build a simple Imakefile, remember to include lines like this: LOCAL_LIBRARIES = XmClientLibs DEPLIBS = XmClientDepLibs Or, for a client that uses uil/mrm, replace these by MrmClientLibs and MrmClientDepLibs, and also use: MSimpleUilTarget(program) to build the client and uid file. Look at the demos for more examples. And Paul Howell <grue@engin.umich.edu> added: i did this, calling the new script "xmmkmf". It passes both -DUseInstalled and -DUseInstalledMotif. and i modified the stock R5 Imake.tmpl to do this: #include <Project.tmpl> #ifdef UseInstalledMotif #include <Motif.tmpl> #endif #include <Imake.rules> #ifdef UseInstalledMotif #include <Motif.rules> #endif the result was something that does both athena and motif rules. and it really works, just that easy! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 142) How do I make context sensitive help? The Motif Style Guide says that an application must initiate context-sensitive help by changing the shape of the pointer to the question pointer. When the user moves the pointer to the component help is wanted on and presses BSelect, any available context sensitive help for the component must be presented, and the pointer reverts from the question pointer. [Last modified: August 92] Answer: A widget that gives context sensitive help would place this help in the XmNhelpCallback function. To trigger this function: (from Martin G C Davies, mgcd@se.alcbel.be) I use the following callback that is called when the "On Context" help pulldown menu is selected. It does the arrow bit and calls the help callbacks for the widget. It also zips up the widget tree looking for help if needs be. I don't restrict the arrows motion so I can get help on dialog boxes. No prizes for guessing what "popup_message" does. static void ContextHelp( Widget w , Opaque * tag , XmAnyCallbackStruct * callback_struct ) { static Cursor context_cursor = NULL ; Widget context_widget ; if ( context_cursor == NULL ) context_cursor = XCreateFontCursor( display, XC_question_arrow ) ; context_widget = XmTrackingLocate( top_level_widget, context_cursor, FALSE ) ; if ( context_widget != NULL ) /* otherwise its not a widget */ { XmAnyCallbackStruct cb ; cb.reason = XmCR_HELP ; cb.event = callback_struct->event ; /* * If there's no help at this widget we'll track back up the hierarchy trying to find some. */ do { if ( ( XtHasCallbacks( context_widget, XmNhelpCallback ) == XtCallbackHasSome ) ) { XtCallCallbacks( context_widget, XmNhelpCallback, & cb ) ; return ; } else context_widget = XtParent( context_widget ) ; } while ( context_widget != NULL ) ; } popup_message( "No context-sensitive help found\n\ for the selected object." ) ; } Dave Bonnett suggested, to use the following translations for XmText (and XmTextField) widgets to get the same help with key strokes, and to provide an accelerator label in the Context help menu entry. MyApp*XmText*translations: #override\n\ <Key>F1: Help() MyApp*Help_menu*Contextual Help.acceleratorText: F1 MyApp*defaultVirtualBindings: osfBackSpace : <Key>Delete\n\ osfRight : <Key>Right\n\ osfLeft : <Key>Left\n\ osfUp : <Key>Up\n\ osfHelp : <Key>F1\n\ osfDown : <Key>Down ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: 143) TOPIC: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This list was compiled using questions and answers posed to comp.windows.x.motif and motif-talk. Some extracts were also taken from FAQs of comp.windows.x. To all who contributed one way or the other, thanks! I haven't often given individual references, but you may recognise contributions. If I have mangled them too much, let me know. That's all folks! +----------------------+---+ Jan Newmarch, Information Science and Engineering, University of Canberra, PO Box 1, Belconnen, Act 2616 Australia. Tel: (Aust) 6-2522422. Fax: (Aust) 6-2522999 ACSnet: jan@ise.canberra.edu.au ARPA: jan%ise.canberra.edu.au@uunet.uu.net UUCP: {uunet,ukc}!munnari!ise.canberra.edu.au!jan JANET: jan%au.edu.canberra.ise@EAN-RELAY +--------------------------+ Local Variables: mode: outline outline-regexp: "Subject: +[0-9]+)" eval: (hide-body) End: -- +----------------------+---+ Jan Newmarch, Information Science and Engineering, University of Canberra, PO Box 1, Belconnen, Act 2616 Australia. Tel: (Aust) 6-2012422. Fax: (Aust) 6-2015041